This research endeavours to examine the primary determinants influencing the efficacy of projects within entities operating in the oil, gas, and mining sectors. The objective of this investigation was to scrutinize the association between team performance and the accomplishment of projects. Moreover, the study delved into the intervening function of high-performance work practices within this association, along with the moderating impact of leadership styles. Furthermore, this inquiry has employed leadership styles characterized as task-oriented and relationship-oriented, considering them as distinct typologies. Method: This research employs a quantitative methodology, collecting data from 239 individuals employed in the oil, gas, and mining sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To scrutinize the correlations under consideration, the STATA program was utilized. The study performed a structural equation modelling analysis using the software. Findings: This study reveals significant associations between team performance and project achievement. Furthermore, it reinforces the crucial mediating role played by high-performance work practices in connecting team performance to project success. Moreover, the research discloses that both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership styles wield a substantial moderating influence on the relationship between team performance and project success. Originality/significance:This study investigates the impact of team performance, high-performance work processes, and leadership styles on project success within organizations, offering novel perspectives. It sheds light on the interplay between high-performance practices, leadership styles, and project outcomes across diverse organizational contexts. The study underscores the imperative of understanding how leadership styles influence these dynamics, thereby potentially enhancing overall project performance. The practical significance of this approach lies in its provision of actionable solutions for augmenting teamwork, work practices, and leadership, thereby contributing to the overall improvement of project performance within organizations.